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The red-flanked bluetail (''Tarsiger cyanurus''), also known as the orange-flanked bush-robin, is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher, Muscicapidae. It, and related species, are often called chats. It is a migratory insectivorous species breeding in mixed coniferous forest with undergrowth in northern Asia and northeastern Europe, from Finland east across Siberia to Kamchatka and south to Japan. It winters mainly in southeastern Asia, in the Indian Subcontinent, the Himalayas, Taiwan, and northern Indochina. The breeding range is slowly expanding westwards through Finland (where up to 500 pairs now breeding), and it is a rare but increasing vagrant to western Europe, mainly to Great Britain.〔British Birds Rarities Committee (occurrences, 1950-2006 )〕〔Hudson, N. et al. (2009). Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2008. ''British Birds'' 102: 572-573.〕 There have also been a few records in westernmost North America, mostly in western Alaska.〔National Geographic (1999). ''Field Guide to the Birds of North America'' 3rd ed. ISBN 0-7922-7451-2.〕〔eBird: (Red-flanked Bluetail in California ) (Dec 2011)〕 At 13–14 cm long and 10–18 g weight, the red-flanked bluetail is similar in size and weight to the common redstart and slightly smaller (particularly with a slimmer build) than the European robin. As the name implies, both sexes have a blue tail and rump, and orange-red flanks; they also have a white throat and greyish-white underparts, and a small, thin black bill and slender black legs. The adult male additionally has dark blue upperparts, while females and immature males are plain brown above apart from the blue rump and tail, and have a dusky breast. In behaviour, it is similar to a common redstart, frequently flicking its tail in the same manner, and regularly flying from a perch to catch insects in the air or on the ground. The male sings its melancholy trill from treetops. Its call is a typical chat "tacc" noise. The nest is built on or near the ground, with 3–5 eggs which are incubated by the female.〔〔Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., & Zetterström, D. (2009) ''Collins Bird Guide'', ed. 2. ISBN 0-00-219728-6, pages 260-1〕 ==Taxonomy and nomenclature== In the past generally treated as comprising two subspecies, ''T. c. cyanurus'' breeding in northern Asia and ''T. c. rufilatus'' breeding in the Himalaya, it is now increasingly being treated as monotypic, with ''T. c. rufilatus'' split off as a distinct species, Himalayan bluetail ''T. rufilatus''. The species has also been known by a variety of English and scientific names in the ornithological literature. The table below details the treatments adopted by some major works, by publication date (newest first): ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Red-flanked bluetail」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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